Apush Unit 1 And 2 Review

APUSH Unit 1 & 2 Review: A Comprehensive Guide to Mastering Early American History

This comprehensive guide provides a thorough review of AP US History Units 1 and 2, covering the crucial periods from early colonization to the burgeoning nation. Understanding these foundational periods is key to success in the APUSH exam. We'll delve into key themes, significant figures, and pivotal events, providing you with the knowledge and context needed to confidently tackle any question. This review is designed to be both informative and engaging, offering a structured approach to mastering this challenging material.

Unit 1: A New World and a New Nation (1491-1754)

This unit lays the groundwork for understanding the development of American society and its unique characteristics. It explores the diverse cultures of the Americas before European contact, the impact of colonization, the establishment of thirteen colonies, and the growing tensions that would eventually lead to revolution.

1.1 Before European Arrival: Indigenous Societies and Cultures (1491-1607)

Before European colonization, diverse indigenous societies thrived across North America. From the sophisticated civilizations of the Aztecs, Incas, and Pueblos to the diverse hunter-gatherer groups of the Northeast and Southeast, the Americas boasted a rich tapestry of cultures. These societies had complex social structures, political systems, and religious beliefs. Understanding the pre-Columbian landscape is crucial to comprehending the profound impact of European arrival.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Diverse Native American societies: Compare and contrast different groups, their economies, and their social structures. Note the differences between agricultural societies and hunter-gatherer societies.
• Environmental impact: How did different Native American groups adapt to and interact with their environment? Consider the development of agriculture and its consequences.
• Columbian Exchange: This early interaction between the Old World and the New World had a profound and lasting impact on both regions. Focus on the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas. Understand the devastating effects of disease on indigenous populations.

1.2 Colonization and its Impact:

European colonization dramatically altered the landscape of North America. Different European powers—Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands—established colonies with distinct characteristics, driven by various motives, including economic gain, religious freedom, and geopolitical ambitions. Their interactions with indigenous populations were often marked by conflict, exploitation, and disease.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Mercantilism: Understand the economic principles behind European colonization and how they shaped the development of the colonies.
• Colonial economies: Compare the economic systems of the different colonial regions: New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. Understand the role of agriculture, trade, and industry in each.
• Religious and Political motivations: Understand the diverse motivations behind colonization, and how they shaped the development of different colonial societies.
• Interactions with Native Americans: Analyze the complex relationships between European colonists and Native Americans, including alliances, conflicts, and the displacement of indigenous populations. Key events such as the Pequot War and King Philip's War are crucial to understand.

1.3 The Thirteen Colonies: Development and Diversification:

The thirteen British colonies developed distinct social, economic, and political characteristics. Geographical factors, economic opportunities, and religious beliefs contributed to regional diversity. This diversity would play a significant role in shaping the future of the nation.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Regional differences: Compare and contrast the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies in terms of their economies, social structures, and political systems.
• Social hierarchy: Analyze the social structure of colonial society, including the roles of indentured servants, enslaved Africans, and free inhabitants.
• The Enlightenment and its impact: Understand how Enlightenment ideas influenced colonial thought and contributed to the development of revolutionary ideas.

1.4 The Road to Revolution (1754-1775):

Growing tensions between Great Britain and its American colonies eventually led to the American Revolution. A series of acts and events fueled colonial resistance, culminating in armed conflict.

Key concepts to focus on:

• French and Indian War: Analyze the causes and consequences of the French and Indian War and its impact on the relationship between Great Britain and the colonies.
• British policies and colonial resistance: Understand the impact of British policies such as the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts, and the Intolerable Acts on colonial resistance.
• Key figures: Familiarize yourself with key figures such as Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and George Washington.
• Growing colonial unity: Understand how colonial resistance led to a growing sense of unity among the colonies.

Unit 2: Revolution and the New Republic (1754-1800)

This unit focuses on the American Revolution, the creation of the United States government, and the challenges faced by the young republic in its formative years.

2.1 The American Revolution (1775-1783):

The American Revolution was a transformative event that resulted in the creation of an independent United States. Understanding the causes, key battles, and consequences of the war is vital.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Causes of the Revolution: Analyze the various factors that contributed to the outbreak of the American Revolution.
• Key battles and strategies: Understand the major battles of the Revolution and the military strategies employed by both sides.
• Foreign alliances: Analyze the role of foreign alliances, such as the alliance with France, in securing American independence.
• Impact of the Revolution: Understand the social, political, and economic consequences of the American Revolution.

2.2 Creating a New Nation (1776-1789):

The newly independent United States faced the monumental task of creating a new government. The Articles of Confederation, the first attempt at a national government, proved inadequate, leading to the drafting and ratification of the Constitution.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Articles of Confederation: Understand the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and why they ultimately failed.
• The Constitutional Convention: Analyze the debates and compromises that shaped the Constitution. Understand the roles of key figures such as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Benjamin Franklin.
• Federalist and Anti-Federalist debates: Understand the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.
• The Bill of Rights: Understand the importance of the Bill of Rights in protecting individual liberties.

2.3 Challenges of the New Republic (1789-1800):

The early years of the United States were marked by significant challenges, including economic instability, foreign policy crises, and the ongoing debate over the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Washington's presidency: Analyze the key challenges faced by George Washington during his presidency and his contributions to the establishment of the new government.
• Hamilton's financial plan: Understand the key components of Alexander Hamilton's financial plan and its impact on the American economy.
• Foreign policy challenges: Analyze the challenges faced by the United States in its foreign relations, including its relationship with Great Britain, France, and Native American tribes. Understand events like the Whiskey Rebellion and Jay's Treaty.
• The growth of political parties: Understand the development of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties and the implications for American politics.

2.4 The Rise of the West:

Westward expansion played a significant role in shaping the early American republic. This involved the displacement of Native American tribes, the expansion of slavery, and the development of new economic opportunities.

Key concepts to focus on:

• Westward expansion: Analyze the causes and consequences of westward expansion and its impact on Native American populations.
• Louisiana Purchase: Understand the significance of the Louisiana Purchase and its impact on the size and power of the United States.
• Lewis and Clark Expedition: Understand the goals and results of the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• What is the best way to study for APUSH Units 1 & 2? Active recall is crucial. Use flashcards, practice questions, and create timelines to solidify your understanding. Focus on understanding the connections between events and themes.

• Are there any helpful resources beyond the textbook? Supplemental materials like online videos, documentaries, and primary source readings can enhance your understanding.

• How much emphasis should I place on memorization? While memorization of key dates and figures is helpful, focus more on understanding the context and significance of those events and individuals.

• How can I improve my essay writing skills for the APUSH exam? Practice writing essays using the provided DBQs and FRQs as models. Focus on developing strong thesis statements, using evidence to support your arguments, and analyzing historical context.

Conclusion: Mastering the Foundations of American History

Successfully navigating APUSH Units 1 and 2 requires a deep understanding of the complex interplay between European colonization, the growth of American identity, and the establishment of a new nation. By focusing on the key themes, events, and individuals discussed in this review, and by employing effective study strategies, you can confidently approach the challenges of this crucial period in American history. Remember that understanding the why behind the what is key to success in APUSH. By focusing on the underlying causes and consequences of historical events, you will not only improve your test scores but also gain a deeper appreciation for the rich and complex history of the United States. Good luck with your studies!